The main objective of access cavity preparation is to identify the root canal entrances for subsequent preparation and obturation of the root canal system. Access cavity preparation can be one of the most challenging and frustrating aspects of endodontic treatment, but it is the key to successful treatment. Inadequate access cavity preparation may result in dif­ ficulty locating or negotiating the root canals. This may result in inadequate cleaning, shaping and filling of the root canal system. It may also contribute to instrument separation and aberrations of canal shape. These factors may ultimately lead to failure of treatment. Good access cavity design and preparation is therefore imperative for quality endodontic treat­ment, prevention of iatrogenic problems, and prevention of endodontic failure.