Below is a summary of the main risk for dental trauma injuries as per a review by Ulf Glendor.

Oral predisposing factors

• Patients with an overjet of over 5mm

• Lip incompetance

• Protrusive nature of incisor position

Unintentional traumatic dental injuries

Unsurprisingly this formulates a large cohort of dental injuries. Patients prone to falling over (intoxicated or not) those who walk into inanimate objects or those that are in the way of a flying object are more likely to suffer with injuries.

Environmental Determinants-Material deprivation

• Some studies show that the more deprived the area the higher the prevalence of dental trauma.

• Overcrowded areas also have shown a higher risk of dental trauma.

Human behaviour

• Children exhibiting risk taking tendencies are more likely to suffer with dental trauma

• Children who are bullied also have a higher risk

• Those children with showing favourable social behaviour had a decreased risk

• Children who were hyperactive have a higher risk

Emotionally stressful states

• Adolescents who experience unfavourable psychosocial environments had a higher risk

• ADHD adolescents also showed higher risk

• Obese children exhibited a higher risk

Presence of illness, learning difficulties or physical limitations

• Epilepsy

• Cerebral palsy

• Learning difficulties

• Hearing or visual impairment

Inappropriate use of teeth

• Utilising front teeth as ‘tools’ such as to open bottles of beverages

Oral piercing

Patients with oral piercings are more likely to chip/fracture their front teeth

Iatrogenic injuries

One type of iatrogenic injury can be caused by intubation and is one of the commonest complications of general anaesthesia

Traffic accidents

Sports injuries

Intentional traumatic dental injuries

The full paper can be accessed here.